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| خط ۳۸۳: |
خط ۳۸۳: |
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| == فهرست منابع == | | == فهرست منابع == |
| {{چپچین}}
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| 1. Albert Hourani. Islamic History, Middle Eastern History, Modern. in M H kerr(ed), Islamic studies: A Tradition and Its Problems. California: Undena Publication, ۱۹۷۹.
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| 2. Edward W said. Covering Islam. NewYork: Pantheon Books, ۱۹۸۱.
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| 3. Encyclopaedia of Islam, ۱۹۱۱–۱۹۳۸.
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| 4. Encyclopaedia of Islam, ۱۹۵۳.
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| 5. Ibn Khaldun. The Muqoddimah. tr Franz Rosental. NewYork: Pantheon Books, 1958. In Arabic, see vol 1, Beirut: Maktabul Madrasah, 1961, P ۳۴۸.
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| 6. I. Goldziher. Muslims Studies. tr Barber and Stem. Chicago: Aldine Inc, ۱۹۷۱.
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| 7. M. A. Shaban. Islamic history A.D 600- 750. Cambridge: University Press, ۱۹۷۱.
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| 8. Marshall G S Hodgson. The Venture of Islam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ۱۹۷۴.
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| 9. M.H Haykal. The life of Muhammad. tr Al- Faruqe n. p, American Trust Publications, ۱۹۷۶.
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| 10. Philip K Hitti. A History of the Arabs. London: Macmillan and Co, ۱۹۶۴.
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| 11. S.H.M Jafry. The origin and Early Development of Shia Islam. Qum: Ansariyan Publications, n. d.
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| 12. Thomas P Hughes. A Dictionary of Islam. New Jersey: Reference Book Publishers, ۱۹۶۵ .
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| {{پایان چپچین}}
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